Efficacy and safety of innate and adaptive immunotherapy combined with standard of care in high-grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Malignant glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumor with highest mortality. In era of immunotherapy, it important to determine what type immunotherapy provides best chance survival. Method Here, efficacy and safety in high-grade (HGG) were evaluated by systematic review meta-analysis. The differences between various types explored. Retrieved hits screened for inclusion 2,317 articles. We extracted overall survival (OS) progression-free (PFS) hazard ratios (HRs) as two key outcomes examining immunotherapy. also analyzed data on reported corresponding adverse events assess This study was registered PROSPERO (CRD42019112356). Results included a total 1,271 patients, which 524 received combination standard care (SOC), while 747 SOC alone. found that extended OS (HR = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56−0.99; Z −2.00, P 0.0458 < 0.05) PFS 0.67; CI, 0.45−0.99; −1.99, 0.0466 0.05), although certain occurred (proportion 0.0773, 0.0589-0.1014). Our have demonstrated dendritic cell (DC) vaccine prolonging 0.38; 0.21−0.68; −3.23; 0.0012 patients. Oncolytic viral therapy (VT) only patient subgroup analysis 0.60; 0.45−0.80; −3.53; 0.0004 0.05). By contrast, immunopotentiation (IP) did not prolong 0.69; 0.50−0.96; −2.23; 0.0256). Conclusion Thus, DC vaccination significantly prolonged HGG however, VT IP should be explored further studies. All therapeutic schemes associated side effects. Systematic registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=112356 .